non-Euclidean geometry - vertaling naar arabisch
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non-Euclidean geometry - vertaling naar arabisch

TWO GEOMETRIES BASED ON AXIOMS CLOSELY RELATED TO THOSE SPECIFYING EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY
Non-euclidean geometries; NonEuclidean geometry; Non-Euclidean; Noneuclidean geometry; Non-Euclidian geometry; Non-Euclidean geometries; Non-euclidian geometry; Models of non-Euclidean geometry; Non-Euclidena geometry; Non-Euclidean space; Non-Euclidean Geometry; Non euclidian geometry; Models of Non-Euclidean geometry; Non-euclidean Geometry; Non-euclidean geometry; History of non-Euclidean geometry; Kinematic geometry
  • Lambert quadrilateral in hyperbolic geometry}}
  • Saccheri quadrilaterals in the three geometries}}
  • On a sphere, the sum of the angles of a triangle is not equal to 180°. The surface of a sphere is not a Euclidean space, but locally the laws of the Euclidean geometry are good approximations. In a small triangle on the face of the earth, the sum of the angles is very nearly 180°.

non-Euclidean geometry         
هندسة لا إقليدسية
plane geometry         
  • A disproof of Euclidean geometry as a description of physical space. In a 1919 test of the general theory of relativity, stars (marked with short horizontal lines) were photographed during a solar [[eclipse]]. The rays of starlight were bent by the Sun's gravity on their way to Earth. This is interpreted as evidence in favor of Einstein's prediction that gravity would cause deviations from Euclidean geometry.
  • A sphere has 2/3 the volume and surface area of its circumscribing cylinder. A sphere and cylinder were placed on the tomb of Archimedes at his request.
  • Congruence of triangles is determined by specifying two sides and the angle between them (SAS), two angles and the side between them (ASA) or two angles and a corresponding adjacent side (AAS). Specifying two sides and an adjacent angle (SSA), however, can yield two distinct possible triangles unless the angle specified is a right angle.
  • invariant]]s and studying them is the essence of geometry.
  • René Descartes. Portrait after [[Frans Hals]], 1648.
  • The parallel postulate (Postulate 5): If two lines intersect a third in such a way that the sum of the inner angles on one side is less than two right angles, then the two lines inevitably must intersect each other on that side if extended far enough.
  • Squaring the circle: the areas of this square and this circle are equal. In 1882, it was proven that this figure cannot be constructed in a finite number of steps with an idealized [[compass and straightedge]].
MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM ATTRIBUTED TO EUCLID
Geometry in R2; Euclid's postulates; Plane Geometry; Euclidean Geometry; Euclidian geometry; Geometry Postulates; Two dimensional geometry; Two-dimensional geometry; Noncoordinate geometry; Orthogonal geometry; Euclid's axioms; Euclidean geometry of the plane; Euclid axioms; Euclid postulates; Euclidean axioms; Axioms of geometry; Euclidean plane geometry; Fundamental concepts of geometry; Plane geometry; Classical geometry; Planar geometry; Geometry of Euclid; Euclid's second postulate; Euclid's third postulate; Euclid's fourth postulate; Applications of Euclidean geometry; 2D geometry
الهندسة المُستوية
plane geometry         
  • A disproof of Euclidean geometry as a description of physical space. In a 1919 test of the general theory of relativity, stars (marked with short horizontal lines) were photographed during a solar [[eclipse]]. The rays of starlight were bent by the Sun's gravity on their way to Earth. This is interpreted as evidence in favor of Einstein's prediction that gravity would cause deviations from Euclidean geometry.
  • A sphere has 2/3 the volume and surface area of its circumscribing cylinder. A sphere and cylinder were placed on the tomb of Archimedes at his request.
  • Congruence of triangles is determined by specifying two sides and the angle between them (SAS), two angles and the side between them (ASA) or two angles and a corresponding adjacent side (AAS). Specifying two sides and an adjacent angle (SSA), however, can yield two distinct possible triangles unless the angle specified is a right angle.
  • invariant]]s and studying them is the essence of geometry.
  • René Descartes. Portrait after [[Frans Hals]], 1648.
  • The parallel postulate (Postulate 5): If two lines intersect a third in such a way that the sum of the inner angles on one side is less than two right angles, then the two lines inevitably must intersect each other on that side if extended far enough.
  • Squaring the circle: the areas of this square and this circle are equal. In 1882, it was proven that this figure cannot be constructed in a finite number of steps with an idealized [[compass and straightedge]].
MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM ATTRIBUTED TO EUCLID
Geometry in R2; Euclid's postulates; Plane Geometry; Euclidean Geometry; Euclidian geometry; Geometry Postulates; Two dimensional geometry; Two-dimensional geometry; Noncoordinate geometry; Orthogonal geometry; Euclid's axioms; Euclidean geometry of the plane; Euclid axioms; Euclid postulates; Euclidean axioms; Axioms of geometry; Euclidean plane geometry; Fundamental concepts of geometry; Plane geometry; Classical geometry; Planar geometry; Geometry of Euclid; Euclid's second postulate; Euclid's third postulate; Euclid's fourth postulate; Applications of Euclidean geometry; 2D geometry
هندسة / السطوح / سطحية ، الهندسة المستوية

Definitie

non-Euclidean
¦ adjective denoting systems of geometry that do not obey Euclidean postulates, especially that only one line through a given point can be parallel to a given line.

Wikipedia

Non-Euclidean geometry

In mathematics, non-Euclidean geometry consists of two geometries based on axioms closely related to those that specify Euclidean geometry. As Euclidean geometry lies at the intersection of metric geometry and affine geometry, non-Euclidean geometry arises by either replacing the parallel postulate with an alternative, or relaxing the metric requirement. In the former case, one obtains hyperbolic geometry and elliptic geometry, the traditional non-Euclidean geometries. When the metric requirement is relaxed, then there are affine planes associated with the planar algebras, which give rise to kinematic geometries that have also been called non-Euclidean geometry.